Abstract: Enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of farmland soils is a crucial pathway for achieving green agricultural development and advancing the national "dual carbon" strategy. Soil carbon balance, which sustains the carbon sink function of terrestrial ecosystems, has drawn significant attention to its microbial regulatory mechanisms. Trichoderma spp., as a group of beneficial rhizosphere fungi with both biocontrol and growth-promoting functions, play a key role in regulating soil carbon dynamics. This article systematically reviews the dual-pathway mechanisms by which Trichoderma influences soil carbon balance. The net effect of Trichoderma on soil carbon is a comprehensive outcome resulting from the interaction of strain characteristics, environmental factors (such as nitrogen and moisture), and agricultural management practices. However, there are challenges such as poor environmental adaptability and low functional stability . This article further proposes that selecting highly efficient strains, developing compound microbial inoculants, and optimizing field management practices are viable pathways to enhance the agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction efficacy of Trichoderma. Future research should focus on clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action and integrating microbiomics with ecosystem models to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for achieving precise carbon sequestration and emission reduction in farmlands mediated by Trichoderma.