Abstract: To understand the productivity and water use status of sweet sorghum, the yield and quality of biomass and water use efficiency of the crop under different soil water conditions (normal water, moderate drought and severe drought) in marginal oasis in Hexi Corridor region, Gansu Province were analyzed. Based on the results, the maximum stem and aboveground biomass yield occurred in moderate drought stress condition, with fresh weights of 77.3 t·hm^-2 and 101.1 t·hm^-2, and dry weights of 27.6 t·hm^-2 and 34.9 t·hm^-2, respectively. Stem juice brix was 21.9% (normal water), 22.1% (moderate drought) and 22.4% (severe drought), with no significant difference among the treatments. A maximum water use efficiency of 4.72 kg·m^-3 was noted for the moderate drought stress treatment. This showed that not only sweet sorghum productivity and quality was higher, but also the valuable/scarce water resources of the region was saved under moderate drought stress.