The conceptual connotation evolution and key points of value realization in forest ecological products

Forest ecological products are the most important types of ecological products, and their value realization is an important way to realize the transformation of green mountains into golden mountains. In this study, the development process of the concept of forest ecological products was divided into three stages based on national strategic needs and forestry development objectives: 1) budding stage: physical products of forests obtained by ecologically friendly production methods; 2) proposed stage: products of all kinds of natural services provided by forests; 3) deepening stage: all kinds of terminal services and products necessary for human life co-produced by forest ecosystems and human societies. Combined with case analyses, sustainable production supply, clear identification of tenure, scientific value evaluation, and diversified realization paths were identified as the basis, prerequisite, focus, and core, respectively, for guaranteeing the realization of the value of forest ecological products. To further promote the realization of the value of forest ecological products, it is necessary to deepen the scientific theory, strengthen the construction of the capacity for information investigation and management of forest ecological products, improve the technical system for the value accounting of forest ecological products, optimize the paths and models for the realization of the value of forest ecological products, innovate policy support for the realization of the value of forest ecological products, and advance the practical process of realizing the value of forest ecological products.